Testing with Karma and Jasmine

While Vitest is the default test runner for new Angular projects, Karma is still a supported and widely used test runner. This guide provides instructions for testing your Angular application using the Karma test runner with the Jasmine testing framework.

Setting Up Karma and Jasmine

You can set up Karma and Jasmine for a new project or add it to an existing one.

For New Projects

To create a new project with Karma and Jasmine pre-configured, run the ng new command with the --test-runner=karma option:

ng new my-karma-app --test-runner=karma

For Existing Projects

To add Karma and Jasmine to an existing project, follow these steps:

1. Install the necessary packages:

npm install --save-dev karma karma-chrome-launcher karma-coverage karma-jasmine karma-jasmine-html-reporter jasmine-core @types/jasmine

yarn add --dev karma karma-chrome-launcher karma-coverage karma-jasmine karma-jasmine-html-reporter jasmine-core @types/jasmine

pnpm add -D karma karma-chrome-launcher karma-coverage karma-jasmine karma-jasmine-html-reporter jasmine-core @types/jasmine

bun add --dev karma karma-chrome-launcher karma-coverage karma-jasmine karma-jasmine-html-reporter jasmine-core @types/jasmine

1. Configure the test runner in angular.json:

In your angular.json file, find the test target and set the runner option to karma:

``json { // ... "projects": { "your-project-name": { // ... "architect": { "test": { "builder": "@angular/build:unit-test", "options": { "runner": "karma" // ... other options } } } } } } ``

1. Update tsconfig.spec.json for Jasmine types:

To ensure TypeScript recognizes global testing functions like describe and it, add "jasmine" to the types array in your tsconfig.spec.json:

``json { // ... "compilerOptions": { // ... "types": ["jasmine"] } // ... } ``

Running Tests

Once your project is configured, run the tests using the ng test command:

ng test

The ng test command builds the application in watch mode and launches the Karma test runner.

The console output looks like below:

02 11 2022 09:08:28.605:INFO [karma-server]: Karma v6.4.1 server started at http://localhost:9876/
02 11 2022 09:08:28.607:INFO [launcher]: Launching browsers Chrome with concurrency unlimited
02 11 2022 09:08:28.620:INFO [launcher]: Starting browser Chrome
02 11 2022 09:08:31.312:INFO [Chrome]: Connected on socket -LaEYvD2R7MdcS0-AAAB with id 31534482
Chrome: Executed 3 of 3 SUCCESS (0.193 secs / 0.172 secs)
TOTAL: 3 SUCCESS

The test output is displayed in the browser using Karma Jasmine HTML Reporter.

Click on a test row to re-run just that test or click on a description to re-run the tests in the selected test group ("test suite").

Meanwhile, the ng test command is watching for changes. To see this in action, make a small change to a source file and save. The tests run again, the browser refreshes, and the new test results appear.

Configuration

The Angular CLI takes care of Jasmine and Karma configuration for you. It constructs the full configuration in memory, based on options specified in the angular.json file.

Customizing Karma Configuration

If you want to customize Karma, you can create a karma.conf.js by running the following command:

ng generate config karma

Setting the Test Runner in angular.json

To explicitly set Karma as the test runner for your project, locate the test target in your angular.json file and set the runner option to karma:

{
  // ...
  "projects": {
    "your-project-name": {
      // ...
      "architect": {
        "test": {
          "builder": "@angular/build:unit-test",
          "options": {
            "runner": "karma"
            // ... other options
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Code coverage enforcement

To enforce a minimum code coverage level, you can use the check property in the coverageReporter section of your karma.conf.js file.

For example, to require a minimum of 80% coverage:

coverageReporter: {
  dir: require('path').join(__dirname, './coverage/<project-name>'),
  subdir: '.',
  reporters: [
    { type: 'html' },
    { type: 'text-summary' }
  ],
  check: {
    global: {
      statements: 80,
      branches: 80,
      functions: 80,
      lines: 80
    }
  }
}

This will cause the test run to fail if the specified coverage thresholds are not met.

Testing in continuous integration

To run your Karma tests in a CI environment, use the following command:

ng test --no-watch --no-progress --browsers=ChromeHeadless

Debugging tests

If your tests aren't working as you expect, you can inspect and debug them in the browser.

To debug an application with the Karma test runner:

1. Reveal the Karma browser window. See Set up for testing if you need help with this step.
2. Click the DEBUG button to open a new browser tab and re-run the tests.
3. Open the browser's Developer Tools. On Windows, press Ctrl-Shift-I. On macOS, press Command-Option-I.
4. Pick the Sources section.
5. Press Control/Command-P, and then start typing the name of your test file to open it.
6. Set a breakpoint in the test.
7. Refresh the browser, and notice how it stops at the breakpoint.